【科普】残障的医疗模式和社会模式(残障历程)

【科普】残障的医疗模式和社会模式

来源：残障历程作者：残障历程 2021.12.06 21:04 浏览1869次

科普

摘要：按照医疗模式的说法，"残障"这个词指的是失去能力。这种陈腐的观念，把责任推给了身体损伤的人，让他们自己去克服充满限制的环境。作为更为现代的观念，残障的社会模式认为，残障人士不是"身有缺陷"，而是"被动失能"。造成这一切的是社会。社会模式是残障人士和支持他们的同盟者提出并发展的，它旨在帮助残障人士采取行动来反对歧视，并赋能残障人士，使他们有能力寻求解决方案，消除障碍并联合起来争取平等与人权。

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残障的医疗模式和社会模式

According to the Medical Model of Disability，the word "disabled" means less able.

按照医疗模式的说法，"残障"这个词指的是失去能力

Less able to achieve your potential.

你不太能发展个人潜能。

Less able to have meaningful relationships.

你不太能建立富有意义的关系。

Less able to play an active part in the world around you

你不太能在所处的世界里发挥积极作用

And that is just your bad luck.

并且，这一切只是因为你自己运气不好。

This outdated view of the world puts the responsibility of overcoming disabling barriers on the person with an impairment.

这种陈腐的观念，把责任推给了身体损伤的人，让他们自己去克服充满限制的环境。

But this idea is changing...

但是，这种想法已经开始转变

The more modern, Social Model of Disability says that a person doesn't "have a disability" but that they are "disabled".

作为更为现代的观念，残障的社会模式认为，残障人士不是"身有缺陷"，而是"被动失能"。

They are disabled by society.

造成这一切的是社会。

It is the attitudes and physical barriers imposed on them by society that prevents them from achieving their potential.

社会中负面的态度和物质环境的障碍使残障人士无法发展自身的潜能。

The Social Model was developed by disabled people and allies to help them take action against discrimination and to empower people to find solutions, remove barriers and campaign together for equality and human rights.

社会模式是残障人士和支持他们的同盟者提出并发展的，它旨在帮助残障人士采取行动来反对歧视，并赋能残障人士，使他们有能力寻求解决方案，消除障碍并联合起来争取平等与人权。

The majority of disabled people have invisible impairments

大多数残障人士都饱受无形伤害。

They showed how people with lots of different impairments face many of the same problems.

不同类型的残障人士面临着同样棘手的问题。

These disabling barriers include prejudiced opinions and attitudes, restricted access and people being systematically excluded.

来自社会的障碍包括，偏见和负面态度、出行的限制、环境中系统性地排斥。

The social model looks for the ways that society can be planned and organised in order to provide accessibility, independence and opportunity in a way that enables people rather than "disables" them.

社会模式试图寻找一种社会建构的方式，提供无障碍的环境、使残障人士有机会实现独立，并获得机遇。支持残障人士发展能力，而不是"被动失能"。

What we learn from the social model of disability is that disability is a social construct created by social barriers

社会模式告诉我们：残障是由社会障碍衍生出来的社会建构。

Barriers which can be eliminated.

其实，这些障碍是可以被消除的。

We learn that it is the responsibility of government, public spaces, businesses and individual people to make the changes, to increase the access and build a more equal society where everyone has the opportunity to reach their full potential.

我们深信，政府、公共场所、企业和个人都有责任做出改变，改善无障碍条件、建设一个更加平等的社会，让人人都有机会充分发挥自己的潜能。